242 papers
Infectious diseases represent one of the most dynamic frontiers in global health, covering everything from seasonal flu outbreaks to emerging viral threats that cross borders. This field focuses on how pathogens spread, how our immune systems respond, and the strategies scientists use to stop infections before they become epidemics. Because the science moves fast, waiting for traditional publication often means missing critical insights that could save lives.
At Gist.Science, we process every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv to ensure you see the latest findings the moment they appear. Our team transforms these raw studies into both accessible plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries, bridging the gap between complex research and public understanding. Below are the latest papers in infectious diseases, updated daily with fresh insights from the global research community.
Genomic surveillance in Malawi and South Africa reveals that a specific XDR Salmonella Isangi ST335 clade drives hospital outbreaks through environmental persistence and inter-hospital transmission, posing a significant future threat due to its potential to transfer resistance genes to dominant invasive serovars.
Using a self-controlled case series analysis of over 268,000 older adults in England, this study demonstrates that influenza vaccination significantly reduces antibiotic prescribing, particularly for respiratory tract infections, during the peak influenza season.
This longitudinal ecological study of 148 English local authorities from 2015 to 2024 reveals that rising child poverty rates are significantly associated with declining measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination uptake, suggesting that poverty reduction is essential for improving childhood immunization coverage.
This study demonstrates that East/Central/South African and West African lineages of Chikungunya virus elicit distinct transcriptional responses in primary human chondrocytes, with the West African lineage uniquely inducing gene expression patterns associated with chondrocyte de-differentiation, potentially explaining lineage-specific differences in joint pathology.
This case-control study of the Pakistani population found that while SP-A1 (rs1059047) and SP-D (rs3088308) polymorphisms are not significantly associated with overall tuberculosis susceptibility, the SP-D homozygous TT genotype may confer protection against latent TB infection.
This study conducted at SGT Hospital in Haryana identified 35 *Acinetobacter* isolates from 6673 clinical samples, revealing that the majority were *A. baumannii* primarily found in blood specimens and exhibiting high resistance to most antibiotics except for a high susceptibility rate to colistin.
This study characterizes the evolutionary history and phylodynamics of a newly emergent North American N1 neuraminidase (am4N1) associated with H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, revealing its distinct avian origin, introduction from western Canada, and conserved structural architecture despite sequence divergence that warrants further investigation into potential cross-reactivity with human A(H1N1)pdm09 immunity.
A retrospective analysis of over 6,000 individuals in northern Angola reveals that while malaria remains highly prevalent and co-infections with rare gambiense sleeping sickness and loiasis are uncommon, integrated screening platforms effectively support the surveillance and elimination of sleeping sickness in co-endemic settings when robust confirmatory algorithms are maintained.
Although infection rates were similar between sexes in Hong Kong, males experienced significantly higher COVID-19 mortality risks across all epidemic waves even after adjusting for vaccination status and pre-existing conditions, a pattern consistent with sex disparities observed in other respiratory diseases.
In a phase 2a randomized controlled trial, the SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibody AER002 was found to be safe but failed to demonstrate significant efficacy in improving physical health or other outcomes for people with Long COVID, though post-hoc analysis suggested potential benefits for a specific subgroup with lower baseline antibody levels.